1765). The great Russian scientist, philosopher, founder of the Moscow University. Born in the village Denisovka Arkhangelsk province, in the family White Sea. In 1731, he enrolled to study at the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy in Moscow. In 1735 he was sent to St. Petersburg in the academic university, and in 1736, in Germany, where he studied first at the University of Marburg (1736-1739 gg.) , And then in Freiburg at the School of Mining (1739-1741 gg.) a mountain adviser I. Henkel.After returning to Russia in 1741, Lomonosov was an associate of the physical class of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg, and in 1745 — a professor of chemistry. From 1748 he worked in the Lomonosov established on his initiative, the chemical laboratory of the Academy.Prior to 1748 Mr. Lomonosov worked mainly physical research, and in 1748-1757 years. his work has been devoted primarily to the solution of theoretical and experimental chemistry issues. His works relating to mathematics, physics, chemistry, earth sciences, astronomy, were abroad in the development of science, philosophy of nature is differentiated from experimental science. Lomonosov enunciated the basic atomic corpuscular doctrine, developed a kinetic theory of heat, to substantiate the need to bring physics to explain the phenomena of chemistry and proposed for the theoretical part of chemistry called "physical chemistry", and for the practical part — "technical chemistry." He also drew attention to the fundamental law of conservation of matter in chemical reactions.He developed precise methods of weighing and volumetric methods of quantitative analysis. Through experiments on the firing of metals in sealed containers, Lomonosov showed that their weight does not change after heating, and that the opinion of Boyle's accession to the metals' thermal matter "is erroneous. He studied the solubility of salts at different temperatures, the facts established by lowering the temperature and dissolved salts lower the freezing point of the solution compared to the pure solvent. Lomonosov personally made a large number of analyzes of rocks. He argued the organic origin of soil, peat, coal, oil, and amber.In his "Sermon on the birth of metals from the earth quake" and in "On Layers of the Earth," he has consistently pursued the idea of a natural evolution of nature.Lomonosov in Russia created many chemical manufacturing, inorganic pigments, glazes, glass and porcelain. He invented the porcelain mass, developed the recipe and manufacturing technology of colored glass that are used for his mosaic pictures. Lomonosov created a series of mosaic portraits (for example, a portrait of Peter I) , and the monumental mosaic "Battle of Poltava", which were highly appreciated by the Russian AcademyArts, which elected him in 1763 as its member.The first of the Russian Academician Lomonosov began preparing textbooks on chemistry and metallurgy: "Course of Physical Chemistry", "The Fundamentals of Metallurgy, and Mining." He is credited with the creation of the Moscow University, the project and the curriculum is written by him personally.Lomonosov wrote a number of books on history, economics, philology. Along with research Lomonosov studied creative writing and published several odes and tragedies.Works: "The experience of the theory of non-sensitive particles of bodies and all of the reasons for particular qualities,"Reflections on the causes of heat and cold,"Discourse on the responsibilities of journalists in presenting their works, intended to maintain the philosophy of freedom,"On the Layers of the Earth."
